Direct Speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Indirect Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."
›
Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."
›
Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."
›
Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."
›
Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."
›
Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."
›
Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."
›
Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuousShe said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."
›
Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."
›
would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
Grupo: Henrique. Anna Paula. Elisa. Douglas, Franck, Bianca, Guilherme B. e Hátila
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Indirect Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."
›
Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."
›
Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."
›
Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."
›
Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."
›
Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."
›
Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."
›
Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuousShe said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."
›
Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."
›
would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
Grupo: Henrique. Anna Paula. Elisa. Douglas, Franck, Bianca, Guilherme B. e Hátila
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